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• Wilson, E. L. (2004). Static and Dynamic Analysis of Structures (4th ed.). Berkeley, CA: Computers and Structures, Inc.Available for purchase on the CSI Products >

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Additional details may be found in the Shell object formulation article.

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Answer: If the four points do not lie in a plane, an area object cannot be drawn because the profile is warped. Instead of using four-sided shells, these areas may be drawn using triangles.

How are shells merged with the sides of frame objects?

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• Use insertion points to offset the frames from the shells.

Loading and output

What is the difference between the load assignments Uniform (Shell) and Uniform to Frame (Shell)?

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