When considering the P-delta and buckling behavior of multi-story buildings, due consideration should be given to modeling the floors as flexible diaphragms when they are connected to walls that carry vertical load. This allows tensile membrane forces to develop within these flexible diaphragms, which may be necessary to balance the compressive forces which result where floors resist the horizontal Poisson expansion of vertically loaded walls. Without this balance between forces, the P-delta effect unrealistically reduces the torsional stiffness of the wall systems, possibly causing excessively large torsional deformations, elongated torsional periods, low buckling factors, or convergence problems for P-delta analyses.
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