Initial P-Delta analysis may be specified in ETABS using either of the following two methods:

1. Non-iterative Based on Mass, where load is automatically computed from the mass at each level. This is an approximate method which does not require an iterative solution, providing for faster computation. P-Delta is considered by treating the structure as a simplified stick model, a process which is most effective with a single rigid diaphragm at each level. Local buckling is not captured as effectively.
   
   The benefit of this non-iterative method is that P-Delta may be considered in load cases which do not specify gravity load. When gravity load is specified, we generally recommend the Iterative Based on Load Cases method.
   
   
2. Iterative Based on Load Cases, where load is computed from a specified combination of static load cases, then known as the P-Delta load combination. This is an iterative method which considers P-Delta on an element-by-element basis. Local buckling is captured more effectively. An example application may be when load includes the dead load case and a fraction of a live load case.
   
   When the iterative method is selected, two additional options which become available include:
   
   
   • Iteration Controls, where a menu presents options for Maximum Iterations and Relative Tolerance-Displacements. Maximum Iterations specifies the number of additional analyses to run after the first. Additional details are described in the ETABS Manual (Iterative Solution).
     
     
   • P-Delta Load Combination, where users may specify the single load combination for the initial P-Delta analysis.

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P-δ effect

ETABS may account for P-δ effect, which is associated with local deformation relative to the chord between member ends, though we do not recommend that this method be implemented because it will significantly increase computational time without providing the benefit of useful information. Instead, P-δ may be captured through either of the following methods:

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