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h1. Overview

The goal of this tutorial is to explain how to model pinned connection between crossing members as shown in the figure below for location E:

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!fig01 - geometry.png|align=center,border=1!

{center-text}Figure 1 - System with crossing member{center-text}


h1. Create model

* Create new model using the "Grid Only" template.

* Draw 6 frame elements in X-Z plane as shown in the figure below:

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!fig02 - members.png|align=center,border=1!

{center-text}Figure 2 - SAP2000 analytical model{center-text}

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* Select members 3 and 5 and assign moment M33 end release to the start joint of the members using the "Assign > Frame > Releases/Partial Fixity" menu command.

* Select joint 4 (the joint at which the horizontal and inclined members cross) and use the "Edit > Edit Points > Disconnect" menu command to create for separate joints at this location, one for each of the connected members. This will replace joint 4 by four separate joints (numbered 4, 7, 8, 9) as shown in the figure below:

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!fig03 - disconnected joints.png|align=center,border=1!

{center-text}Figure 3 - Crossing-member joint specification{center-text}

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* To model continuity for the horizontal member and the inclined member, merge joints 4 and 7 and also merge joints 8 and 9 as follows:
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** Use "Select > Select > Labels" menu command to select joints 4 and 7 (ie. the "continuity joints" for the inclined member) and then use "Edit > Edit Points > Merge Joints" command to merge the two selected joints to make the inclined member continuous.
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** Repeat the same procedure for joints 8 and 9 to make the horizontal member continuous.

* Select the two resulting joints at the intersection of the inclined and horizontal members and assign [equal constraint|kb:equal constraint] for all translational degrees of freedom to make model the pinned connection (alternatively you could use [link|kb:link] to connect the two joints.
* Assign pinned support to joint 1 and roller support to joint 2.
* Use "Analyze > Set Analysis Options > XZ Plane" menu command to model the structure in 2D.
* Assign 100kN load in gravity direction to joint 6 using a "LOAD" load pattern:

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!fig04 - load assignment.png|align=center,border=1!

{center-text}Figure 4 - Load application{center-text}


h1. Results

The resulting moment diagram is shown in the figure below:

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!fig05 - moment diagram.png|align=center,border=1!

{center-text}Figure 5 - Flexural response{center-text}


h1. See Also

* [Special joint|kb:special joint]


h1. References

* Alongkorn Lamom, Thaksin Thepchatri, and Wanchai Rivepiboon: [Hybrid Connection Simulation Using Dynamic Nodal Numbering Algorithm |http://www.scipub.org/fulltext/ajas/ajas781174-1181.pdf]; American Journal of Applied Sciences 7 (8): 1174-1181, 2010


h1. Attachments

* [SAP2000 V14.2.3 model|Modeling pinned connection between crossing members^model A V14.2.3.zip] \- relevant SAP2000 model (zipped SDB file)