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This space is devoted to SAP2000. Please visit the Technical Knowledge Base for documentation on = topics common to all CSI Software.
SAP2000 is general-purpose civil-engineering software i= deal for the analysis and design of any type of structural system. Basic an= d advanced systems, ranging from 2D to 3D, of simple geometry to complex, m= ay be modeled, analyzed, designed, and optimized using a practical and intu= itive object-based modeling environment that simplifies and streamlines the= engineering process. The SAPFire =C2=AE Analysis Engine integral to SAP2000 drives a sophisticated finite= -element analysis procedure. An additional suite of advanced analysis featu= res are available to users engaging state-of-the-art practice with nonlinear and dynamic consideration. Created= by engineers for effective engineering, SAP2000 is the ideal software tool= for users of any experience level, designing any structural system.
Integrated modeling templates, code-based loading assignments, advanced = analysis options, design-optimization procedures, and customizable output r= eports all coordinate across a powerful platform to make SAP2000 especially= useful for practicing professionals.
SAP2000 is also an excellent medium for education. Open SAP2000 and foll= ow the Watch & Learn video series to r= eceive not only instruction on software use, but also insight into structur= al engineering philosophy and practice.
On this page:
Built-in modeling templates, a ve= rsatile and user-friendly interface, intuitive controls and features all co= mbine to simplify and expedite a sophisticated object-based modeling proces= s. A broad range of modeling options provide for methods and technologies a= t the forefront of structural engineering. Model domain may be component, s= ystem, or global-level in scope, while encompassing sub-grade components an= d soil-structure interaction. Grid line, snap, and replication tools are a = few of the many practical features which make the modeling environment and = process accessible to beginners, and sophisticated for advanced users.
Linear or curved members, cables and post-tensioned tendons, link elemen= ts to model springs, dampers, isolators, and the associated nonlinear and <= a href=3D"/display/kb/Material+nonlinearity#Materialnonlinearity-Hysteretic= cycle">hysteretic behavior, framing, shell or multi-layered shell, soli= d elements with isoperimetric formulation and nonlinear response are all mo= deling options for object assembly in SAP2000. When preferred structural me= mbers are not provided in the extensive libraries of SAP2000, Section Desig= ner is available for custom cross-section design. Users specify geometry an= d material composition before Section Designer automatically calculates mem= ber properties and generates biaxial-interaction and moment-curvature diagr= ams.
Nonlinear-fiber-hinge assignment is another advanced modeling technique = available. SAP2000 implements code-based or empirical hinging behavior by m= odeling geometry and materials as discrete points within a cross-section, t= hen correlating these discretized areas with their associated nonlinear beh= aviors. Limit-state and hysteretic considerations may also be implemented u= nder nonlinear-static and dynamic analyses.
Once an object-based model is created, the SAPFire =C2=AE Analysis Engine automatically converts the as= sembly into a finite-element model= a> by meshing the material domain with an efficient network of quadrilatera= l sub-elements. Joint-interpolation algorithms drive automatic edge-constra= int technology to connect mesh mismatch. The Reshaper Tool is then availabl= e for mesh reshaping and refinement.
SAP2000 is the ideal tool for modeling structural systems of any complex= ity and any project type. Buildings, bridges, transportation infrastructure= , such specialty structures as dams, sports facilities, and offshore system= s are a few examples of the limitless design possibilities.
Powerful built-in templates also si= mplify and expedite the load-application process. Seismic, wind, vehicle, w= ave, and thermal forces may all be automatically generated and assigned acc= ording to a suite of code-based guidelines. Users are free to define and en= velope an unlimited number of load cases and combinations.
Moving-load-generation = features and a library of AASHTO vehicle applications provide for evaluatio= n of transportation infrastructure systems. For marine systems, wave-load-g= eneration features consider the static and dynamic response of wave, curren= t, buoyancy, and wind while capturing inertial effects.
Enveloped load conditions may be coupled with certain advanced analysis = and construction techniques (P-Delta= effect, segmental construction, etc.) for additional insight into stru= ctural response.
A range of innovative an= alysis techniques are integrated into the capabilities of SAP2000. Users ar= e free to supplement the standard yet sophisticated analysis process by imp= lementing advanced features for nonlinear and dynamic consideration. This v= ersatility makes SAP2000 a practical and productive tool for any analysis t= ype ranging from simple static, linear-elastic to more complex dynamic, non= linear-inelastic.
To begin, the SAPFire =C2=AE= Analysis Engine drives analysis optimization with multiple 64-bit solvers.= Options include Eigen a= nalysis (with auto shifting for ill-conditioned relations) and Ritz analysis (for expedited converg= ence). P-delta effect captures geometric nonlinearity. Buckling analyses pr= ovide insight into structural stability through methods characterizing line= ar buckling (which considers multiple buckling modes under nonlinear-static= or dynamic application), nonlinear buckling (which considers P-delta and l= arge-deflection effects), snap-through buckling, and progressive collapse. = Material nonlinearity cap= ture inelastic and limit-state behavior, along with such time-dependent phe= nomena as creep and shrinkage behavior in reinforced-concrete systems. Plastic= hinging may be specified in flexural members according to code-based stand= ards or empirical data. Tension and compression-only springs may be assigne= d with limits and nonlinear attributes to simulate support plasticity.
Static and dynamic methods are available for earthquake simulation. Nonl= inear-static-pushover analyses may consider modal, uniform, or user-defined lateral load patterns, plastic-hinging behavior of slender elements, in= elastic response of shear walls, floor slabs, and steel plates, and then fo= rmulate demand-capacity, damping, and performance-point calculations with c= ustomizable summary reports.
Dynamic methods include response-spectrum (for likely maximum seismic response given pseudo-= spectral acceleration vs. structural period curve), power-spectral-density = and steady-state (for fatigue behavior with optional damping and complex-im= pedance properties), and time= -history analyses. Time histories may follow modal or direct-integratio= n methods, and they may be chained together and enveloped with such advance= d analyses as P-delta and staged-construction procedures.
Staged-construction feat= ures are comprehensive. The construction sequence is scheduled with Gantt-c= hart options, enveloped with performance measures, and paired with analysis= procedures. At each construction stage, evaluation may consider static or = dynamic structural response, support reactions, geometric and material nonl= inearity (including buckling, creep, and shrinkage), tendon and cable appli= cation with target-tensioning, etc. The Model Alive feature is available fo= r small to medium-sized projects to analyze real or possible structural mod= ifications.
Design is fully= integrated with the analysis process, enveloping results before automatica= lly sizing steel members and designing reinforced-concrete sections. Automa= tic steel, concrete, aluminum and cold-formed-framing design code checks en= sure that structures meet criteria of American, Canadian, and a variety of = international standards.
Output and display options are intuitive and practical.= Finalized member design, deformed geometry per load combination or mode sh= ape, moment, shear, and axial-force diagrams, section-cut response displays= , and animation of time-dependent displacements outline a few of the graphi= cs available upon conclusion of analysis. SAP2000 automatically generates r= eports for the presentation of images and data. Built-in and customizable t= emplates are available to users for specialized formatting.
SAP2000 also provides a suite of interoperability featu= res. Output reports may be transferred to Microsoft platforms in RTF file f= ormat or websites in HTML. SAP2000 models may import and export between CIS= /2 STEP, SDNF, AutoCAD=E2=80=8F, Frameworks Plus, IGES, and Prosteel.
The SAP2000 Open Application Programming In= terface (OAPI) allows developers to create custom programming applicati= ons linking related design platforms to SAP2000 function. Visual Basic and = most standard languages are supported. Visit the OAPI= page of the CSI Website to learn more about interoperability with SAP2000.=
Several different levels of capability are offered for the SAP2000 produ= ct. Each subsequent level provides an additional set of features. Please re= fer to the Levels and Features page of the CSI Website for details.
Refer to the SAP2000 Tutorial pag= e.
Refer to the SAP2000 Test Problems page<= /a>.
Aviram, A., Mackie, K., Stojadinovic, B. (2008). Guidelines for N= onlinear Analysis of Bridge Structures in California. Berkeley, CA: Pa= cific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) Center.