NOTE: Short-term concrete modulus = Elastic concrete modulus Ec(to)

NOTE: Long-term concrete modulus = Age-adjusted concrete modulus Ec(t,to), given as:

","reason":"An info macro in a list item can't be created or edited in the new editor.","adf":"{\"type\":\"doc\",\"content\":[{\"type\":\"panel\",\"attrs\":{\"panelType\":\"info\"},\"content\":[{\"type\":\"paragraph\",\"content\":[{\"text\":\"NOTE:\",\"type\":\"text\",\"marks\":[{\"type\":\"strong\"}]},{\"text\":\" Long-term concrete modulus = Age-adjusted concrete modulus Ec(t,to), given as:\",\"type\":\"text\"}]}]}],\"version\":1}","nestedContent":{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"panel","attrs":{"panelType":"info"},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"NOTE:","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":" Long-term concrete modulus = Age-adjusted concrete modulus Ec(t,to), given as:","type":"text"}]}]}],"version":1}}}},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"type":"inlineExtension","attrs":{"extensionType":"com.atlassian.confluence.migration","extensionKey":"inline-media-image","parameters":{"width":"","id":"af5d0745-b9d5-4a2d-9d02-09e62de6138f","collection":"contentId-1805855","height":""}}},{"type":"hardBreak"},{"text":"For example, assume that 25% of the LIVE load is sustained. Analysis proceeds as follows: ","type":"text"},{"type":"hardBreak"},{"type":"hardBreak"}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Case 1: Cracked analysis for short-term load with short-term concrete modulus is given as DEAD + SDEAD + Ψ","type":"text"},{"text":"s","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sub"}}]},{"text":"LIVE, in which Ψ","type":"text"},{"text":"s","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sub"}}]},{"text":" = 1.0 ","type":"text"},{"type":"hardBreak"},{"type":"hardBreak"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Case 2: Cracked analysis for permanent load with short-term concrete modulus is given as DEAD + SDEAD + Ψ","type":"text"},{"text":"L","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sub"}}]},{"text":"LIVE, in which Ψ","type":"text"},{"text":"L","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sub"}}]},{"text":" = 0.25 (Ψ","type":"text"},{"text":"L","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sub"}}]},{"text":" = 0 if 100% of the LIVE load is non-sustained) ","type":"text"},{"type":"hardBreak"},{"type":"hardBreak"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Case 3: Long-term cracked analysis (with creep and shrinkage) for permanent load with long-term concrete modulus is given as DEAD + SDEAD + Ψ","type":"text"},{"text":"L","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sub"}}]},{"text":"LIVE, in which Ψ","type":"text"},{"text":"L","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sub"}}]},{"text":" = 0.25","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The value of total long-term deflection is then the linear combination of Case 3 + (Case 1- Case 2). The difference between Case 1 and Case 2 represents the incremental deflection (without creep and shrinkage) due to non-sustained loading on a cracked structure. ","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"The procedure indicated above results on total long term deflection over time. Most engineers simply check this values against ACI 318 Table 9.5(b), since this will always result in safe and conservative design. In order to remove portion of dead load deflection occurring before attachment of nonstructural elements, the following procedure can also be used: ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#000000"}}]},{"type":"hardBreak"},{"type":"hardBreak"},{"text":"Case 4= Cracked analysis for permanent load with short-term concrete modulus is given as DEAD + ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#000000"}}]},{"text":"Ψ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#000000"}}]},{"text":"D","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sub"}},{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#000000"}}]},{"text":"SDEAD, in which ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#000000"}}]},{"text":"Ψ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#000000"}}]},{"text":"D","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sub"}},{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#000000"}}]},{"text":" = percentage of super imposed dead load present before attachment of non structural elements","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#000000"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Or","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#000000"}}]},{"text":" ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#000000"}}]},{"text":"Case 4= Cracked analysis for permanent load with long-term concrete modulus creep and shrinkage is given as DEAD + ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#000000"}}]},{"text":"Ψ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#000000"}}]},{"text":"D","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sub"}}]},{"text":"SDEAD, in which ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#000000"}}]},{"text":"Ψ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#000000"}}]},{"text":"D","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"subsup","attrs":{"type":"sub"}}]},{"text":" = percentage of super imposed dead load present before attachment of non structural elements, and say using a creep factor for 3 months.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#000000"}}]},{"text":" ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#000000"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":" ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#000000"}}]},{"text":"The value of total long term deflection to occur after attachment of nonstructural elements is then the combination of Case 3 + (Case 1- Case 2)- Case 4.","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textColor","attrs":{"color":"#000000"}}]},{"type":"hardBreak"},{"type":"hardBreak"},{"text":"We recommend this method, though an alternative is available, described as follows:","type":"text"},{"type":"hardBreak"},{"type":"hardBreak"}]}]}]}]}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"A single load pattern is applied in a load case, then another case is set to continue From State at End of Nonlinear Case. ","type":"text"},{"type":"hardBreak"},{"type":"hardBreak"},{"text":"For example: ","type":"text"},{"type":"hardBreak"},{"type":"hardBreak"}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Add a DEAD load case using the Nonlinear (Cracked) option, starting with a Zero Initial Condition. ","type":"text"},{"type":"hardBreak"},{"type":"hardBreak"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Add a SDEAD load case using the Nonlinear (Cracked) option, starting From State at End of Nonlinear Case DEAD. ","type":"text"},{"type":"hardBreak"},{"type":"hardBreak"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Add a LIVE load case using the Nonlinear (Cracked) option, starting From State at End of Nonlinear Case SDEAD. ","type":"text"},{"type":"hardBreak"},{"type":"hardBreak"},{"text":"The DEAD load case predicts cracking from a zero initial condition, in which no load is present, then computes cracking due to DEAD load-pattern application. Adding SDEAD then uses the stiffness at the end of DEAD load case, and contributes additional deflection. Deflection reports the total deflection from both DEAD and SDEAD cases, however, the increase in DEAD load deflection due to additional cracking from SDEAD load application is not recognized, therefore ","type":"text"},{"text":"we do not recommend","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"},{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":" this method.","type":"text"}]}]}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"content":[{"text":"Source of reinforcement for Cracked-slab deflection","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"To select the source of reinforcement to be used in cracked deflection select Analyze >Cracking Analysis Options","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"By default, the software utilizes reinforcement derived from finite element design or reinforcement drawn by the user. User reinforcement can be added to the model via ","type":"text"},{"text":"Draw > Slab Rebar","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}]},{"text":". In areas where user rebar is not defined, the program will automatically apply design reinforcement. The program will use at least minimum reinforcement as specified under the minimum reinforcement options.","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"bodiedExtension","attrs":{"extensionType":"com.atlassian.confluence.macro.core","extensionKey":"show-if","parameters":{"macroParams":{"_parentId":{"value":"1805855"},"group":{"value":"editors"}},"macroMetadata":{"macroId":{"value":"9d3afc01-2965-4c09-b1a8-25b3ac8f47ed"},"schemaVersion":{"value":"1"},"placeholder":[{"type":"icon","data":{"url":"https://visibility.bolo.appfire.app/assets/show-if80x80.svg"}}],"title":"Visibility - Show if"}}},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Related Incidents:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Incident 47610: Safe Beam Deflection Question","type":"text"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"content":[{"text":"References","type":"text"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":4},"content":[{"text":"Refer to watch and learn video: ","type":"text"},{"text":"Cracked section analysis","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https://youtu.be/GZt_yHCbvts"}},{"type":"strong"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"During nonlinear cracked-section analysis, SAFE estimates deflection using a moment-rotation curve as described in the reference which follows:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Ghali, A., Favre, R., Elbadry, M. (2002). ","type":"text"},{"text":"Concrete Structures: Stresses and Deformations: Analysis and Design for Serviceability","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"http://books.google.com/books/about/Concrete_Structures.html?id=1M3-IlzKljMC"}}]},{"text":" (3rd ed.). London, England: Spon Press.","type":"text"}]}]},{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"SAFE verification example 16 by going to Help > Documentation > verification> Analysis > Example 16-Cracked Slab Analysis. ","type":"text"},{"text":"Example 16.pdf","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"__confluenceMetadata":{"container":{"linkType":"self"},"fileName":"Example 16.pdf","linkType":"attachment","versionAtSave":"1"},"href":"https://web.wiki.csiamerica.com/wiki/download/attachments/1805855/Example%2016.pdf?version=1&modificationDate=1476897461087&cacheVersion=1&api=v2"}}]}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"bodiedExtension","attrs":{"extensionType":"com.atlassian.confluence.macro.core","extensionKey":"show-if","parameters":{"macroParams":{"_parentId":{"value":"1805855"},"group":{"value":"editors"}},"macroMetadata":{"macroId":{"value":"39b1f970-fba6-4049-8c2c-d85f3b9e2b1d"},"schemaVersion":{"value":"1"},"placeholder":[{"type":"icon","data":{"url":"https://visibility.bolo.appfire.app/assets/show-if80x80.svg"}}],"title":"Visibility - Show if"}}},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Related Incidents:","type":"text"}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Incident 47807: Deflections","type":"text"}]}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"level":2},"content":[{"text":"See Also","type":"text"}]},{"type":"paragraph"},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Cracking","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"__confluenceMetadata":{"spaceKey":"kb","linkType":"page","contentTitle":"Cracking","versionAtSave":"16"},"href":"https://web.wiki.csiamerica.com/wiki/spaces/kb/pages/1999667"}}]},{"text":" article","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Soil-structure interaction","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"__confluenceMetadata":{"linkType":"page","contentTitle":"Soil-structure interaction","versionAtSave":"7"},"href":"https://web.wiki.csiamerica.com/wiki/spaces/safe/pages/1810167"}}]},{"text":" section","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Modeling cracked-section properties","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"__confluenceMetadata":{"spaceKey":"kb","linkType":"page","contentTitle":"Modeling cracked-section properties","versionAtSave":"18"},"href":"https://web.wiki.csiamerica.com/wiki/spaces/kb/pages/2001699"}}]},{"text":" article","type":"text"}]}]}]},{"type":"bulletList","content":[{"type":"listItem","content":[{"type":"paragraph","content":[{"text":"Cracking FAQ","type":"text","marks":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"__confluenceMetadata":{"linkType":"page","contentTitle":"Cracking FAQ","versionAtSave":"11"},"href":"https://web.wiki.csiamerica.com/wiki/spaces/safe/pages/1802878"}}]},{"text":" article","type":"text"}]}]}]}],"version":1}

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